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man page(1) manual page
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tree - list contents of directories in a tree-like format.
tree [-adfgilnopqrstuxACDFNS] [-L level [-R]] [-H baseHREF] [-T title]
[-o filename] [--nolinks] [-P pattern] [-I pattern] [--inodes]
[--device] [--noreport] [--dirsfirst] [--version] [--help] [directory
...]
Tree is a recursive directory listing program that produces a depth
indented listing of files. Color is supported ala dircolors if the
LS_COLORS environment variable is set, output is to a tty, and the -C
flag is used. With no arguments, tree lists the files in the current
directory. When directory arguments are given, tree lists all the
files and/or directories found in the given directories each in turn.
Upon completion of listing all files/directories found, tree returns
the total number of files and/or directories listed.
By default, when a symbolic link is encountered, the path that the symbolic
link refers to is printed after the name of the link in the format:
name -> real-path
If the ‘-l’ option is given and the symbolic link refers to an actual
directory, then tree will follow the path of the symbolic link as if it
were a real directory.
Tree understands the following command line switches:
- --help Outputs a verbose usage listing.
-
- --version
-
Outputs the version of tree.
- -a
- All files are printed. By default tree does not print hidden
files (those beginning with a dot ‘.’). In no event does tree
print the file system constructs ‘.’ (current directory) and
‘..’ (previous directory).
- -d
- List directories only.
- -f
- Prints the full path prefix for each file.
- -i
- Makes tree not print the indentation lines, useful when used in
conjunction with the -f option.
- -l
- Follows symbolic links if they point to directories, as if they
were directories. Symbolic links that will result in recursion
are avoided when detected.
- -x
- Stay on the current file-system only. Ala find -xdev.
- -P pattern
-
List only those files that match the wild-card pattern. Note:
you must use the -a option to also consider those files beginning
with a dot ‘.’ for matching. Valid wildcard operators are
‘*’ (any zero or more characters), ‘?’ (any single character),
‘[...]’ (any single character listed between brackets (optional
- (dash) for character range may be used: ex: [A-Z]), and
‘[^...]’ (any single character not listed in brackets) and ‘|’
separates alternate patterns.
- -I pattern
-
Do not list those files that match the wild-card pattern.
- --noreport
-
Omits printing of the file and directory report at the end of
the tree listing.
- -p
- Print the protections for each file (as per ls -l).
- -s
- Print the size of each file along with the name.
- -u
- Print the username, or UID # if no username is available, of the
file.
- -g
- Print the group name, or GID # if no group name is available, of
the file.
- -D
- Print the date of the last modification time for the file
listed.
- --inodes
-
Prints the inode number of the file or directory
- --device
-
Prints the device number to which the file or directory belongs
- -F
- Append a ‘/’ for directories, a ‘=’ for socket files, a ‘*’ for
executable files and a ‘|’ for FIFO’s, as per ls -F
- -q
- Print non-printable characters in filenames as question marks
instead of the default caret notation.
- -N
- Print non-printable characters as is instead of the default
caret notation.
- -r
- Sort the output in reverse alphabetic order.
- -t
- Sort the output by last modification time instead of alphabetically.
- --dirsfirst
-
List directories before files.
- -n
- Turn colorization off always, over-ridden by the -C option.
- -C
- Turn colorization on always, using built-in color defaults if
the LS_COLORS environment variable is not set. Useful to colorize
output to a pipe.
- -A
- Turn on ANSI line graphics hack when printing the indentation
lines.
- -S
- Turn on ASCII line graphics (useful when using linux console
mode fonts). This option is now equivalent to ‘--charset=IBM437’
and will eventually be depreciated.
- -L level
-
Max display depth of the directory tree.
- -R
- Recursively cross down the tree each level directories (see -L
option), and at each of them execute tree again adding ‘-o
00Tree.html’ as a new option.
- -H baseHREF
-
Turn on HTML output, including HTTP references. Useful for ftp
sites. baseHREF gives the base ftp location when using HTML
output. That is, the local directory may be ‘/local/ftp/pub’,
but it must be referenced as ‘ftp://hostname.organization.domain/pub’
(baseHREF should be ‘ftp://hostname.organization.domain’).
Hint: don’t use ANSI lines with this option, and
don’t give more than one directory in the directory list. If you
wish to use colors via CCS stylesheet, use the -C option in
addition to this option to force color output.
- -T title
-
Sets the title and H1 header string in HTML output mode.
- --charset charset
-
Set the character set to use when outputting HTML and for line
drawing.
- --nolinks
-
Turns off hyperlinks in HTML output.
- -o filename
-
Send output to filename.
- /etc/DIR_COLORS
- System color database.
- ~/.dircolors
- Users color database.
- LS_COLORS
- Color information created by dircolors
- TREE_CHARSET
- Character set for tree to use in HTML mode.
- LC_CTYPE
- Locale for filename output.
Steve Baker (ice@mama.indstate.edu)
HTML output hacked by Francesc Rocher (rocher@econ.udg.es)
Charsets and OS/2 support by Kyosuke Tokoro (NBG01720@nifty.ne.jp)
Tree does not prune “empty” directories when the -P and -I options are
used. Tree prints directories as it comes to them, so cannot accumulate
information on files and directories beneath the directory it is
printing. Probably more.
dircolors(1L)
, ls(1L)
, find(1L)
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